A. All pleadings must contain the signature of the party filing the pleading or his or her attorney or advocate of record. The signatures must be part of a sworn statement attesting to the truthfulness of the pleading or a declaration made under penalty of perjury.

B. Whenever a written signature is required, an electronic signature may be used with the same force and effect as the use of an original signature written by hand, as long as the electronic signature is an accurate, visible representation of the signatory’s name or mark, placed by an authorized person, by electronic or mechanical means, to identify the person and indicate that they intended to sign the document. (Res. 2021-43; Res. 2020-59; Res. 2020-42 Exh. A)